PPNoSyncCase: The number of casemarked forms of personal pronouns differs from that of nouns, but none are syncretic.
noun | personal pronoun | ||
Nom. | barát ‘friend’ | én ‘I’ | ő ‘he/she/it’ |
Acc. | barát-ot | engem(et) | ő-t |
Dat. | barát-nak | nekem | neki |
Ine. | barát-ban | bennem | benne |
Elat. | barát-ból | belőlem | belőle |
Ill. | barát-ba | belém | belé |
Ade. | barát-nál | nálam | nála |
Abl. | barát-tól | tőlem | tőle |
All. | barát-hoz | hozzám | hozzá |
Sup. | barát-on | rajtam | rajta |
Del. | barát-ról | rólam | róla |
Sub. | barát-ra | rám | rá |
Com-Inst. | barát-tal | velem | vele |
Caus-Fin. | barát-ért | értem | érte |
Tra. | barát-tá | - | - |
Term. | barát-ig | - | - |
For. | barát-ként | - | - |
Ess-Form. | barát-ul | - | - |
The case-marking paradigm of nouns and pronouns is asymmetric in Hungarian. Nouns have 18 (according to other definitions 27) cases, while pronouns have 14 cases (cf. Kenesei et al. 1998: 192, 270‒271). Except for the nominative and the accusative, case-marked personal pronouns are formed by attaching person affixes to the casemarking suffixes used as stems. The nominative form of the personal pronoun can extend these compositional forms in an emphatic function: e.g. tőlem ‘from me’ éntőlem ‘from ME’ (D. Mátai 2003a: 212‒216). The case-marked forms of the personal pronouns are not syncretistic. The missing pronominal cases, which are possible on nouns, are prevented to be formed with pronouns due mostly to semantic restrictions (e.g. *énül ‘I-Ess-Form’, *énszer ‘I-Multiplicaitive’, *énkor ‘I-Temp’).