Epistemic possibility (Hungarian)

EpsPsblAff: Epistemic possibility is expressed through the use of verbal affixes.

EpsPsblV: Epistemic possibility is expressed through the use of verb constructions.

EpsPsblNonaffNonV: Epistemic possibility is expressed through a strategy other than verbal affixes and verb constructions.


(1) szilvi még valószínűleg / talán ébren van.

Szilvi still probably / perhaps awake cop.prs.3sg

‘Szilvi is probably/perhaps still up.’


(2) szilvi még olvas-hat ilyenkor.

Szilvi still read-pot at_this_time

‘Szilvi may still be reading at this time.’


(3) itt szerintem lehet úsz-ni.

here I_suppose possible swim-inf

‘I think it is possible to swim here.’


There are various possibilities to express epistemic possibility in Hungarian. Adverbials and modifiers (1), the derivational suffix -hat/-het (2), or the szabad ‘allowed’/ lehet ‘possible’/tud ‘know’ + infinitive constructions can be used to indicate epistemic possibilty (cf. Kugler 2000c: 386‒7, Kiefer 2007: 316‒319, Kiefer ‒ Gyuris 2006: 214‒219).

Author: 

Nikolett F. Gulyás