Order of verbal affixes (Synja Khanty)

(T)–(GV)–(Obj)–(M)–(Subj)

T–Subj

(1) wēr-l-əm.

do-prs-1sg

‘I’m doing something.’ (Onina 2009: 35)


T–Subj

(2) wēr-s-əm.

do-pst-1sg

‘I was doing something.’ (Onina 2009: 35)


T–Subj

(3) ūxl-em wēr-l-em.

I sledge-1sg make-prs-obj.1sg

‘I’m making a sledge.’ (Onina 2009: 37)


T–Obj–Subj

(4a) ūxəl-ŋən wēr-l-əlam.

I sledge-du make-prs-du.obj.1sg

‘I’m making two sledges.’ (Onina 2009: 38)


(4b) ūxl-ət wēr-l-əlam.

I sledge-pl make-prs-pl.obj.1sg

‘I’m making sledges.’ (Onina 2009: 38)


T–GV~Subj

(5) tū-l-a.

bring-prs-pass.3sg

‘It is brought.’ (Onina 2009: 42)


T–GV~Subj

(6) tū-s-a.

bring-pst-pass.3sg

‘It was brought.’ (Onina 2009: 42)


M~Subj M~Subj

(7) jāst-a! wēr-a!

say-imp.2sg make-imp.2sg

‘Say it!’ ‘Do something!’ (Onina 2009: 39)


Obj~M~Subj

(8) jāst-i!

say-imp.obj.2sg

‘Say it!’ (Onina 2009: 39)


In Synja Khanty, the verbal conjugation reflects voice, tense, mood, the number of the object, and the person and number of the subject. In the indicative mood, the verbal stem first takes the tense marker (1), (2), which is followed by a morpheme specifying the number of the object, and the verb form is closed by the suffix referring to the person and number of the subject. If the verb is marked for voice (5), (6), the verb only agrees with the subject in person and number. However, if mood is marked on the verb, the verb form can specify the number of the object (7), (8), in addition to the person and number of the subject (cf. Onina 2009 33˗43).

Author: 

Nikolett F. Gulyás