This parameter considers the relative word order of independent[1] personal pronouns (PP) and the verb they modify. First and second person should be examined, since many languages use demonstratives rather than genuine personal pronouns in third person. This parameter does not address the existence of pro-drop, and only considers those sentences in which explicit independent personal pronouns appear.

Types:

NoPP: The language does not have independent personal pronouns.

PPV: Independent personal pronouns precede the verb in nominative constructions.

VPP: Independent personal pronouns follow the verb in nominative constructions.

[1] A personal pronoun is considered independent if it can be used without a verb – for example, in response to questions like Who is the oldest? Who’s there? Who can do it? – or if it appears in a sentence with a verb but is not immediately next to it. Even if multiple personal pronouns appear in reference to the agent, only one is independent, and only it is considered in terms of this parameter.