In some languages with nominal case marking, case affixes attach directly to nonfinites, such as participles.[1]

Types:

NoCase: The language does not have case marking.

NoVCase: Case is marked on nouns; case affixes never attach to nonfinites.

VInf=NomCase: Case is marked on nouns; some case affixes attach to nonfinites as well, but only when these nonfinites serve a pronominal function.[2]

VInf=AdjCase: Case is marked on nouns; some case affixes attach directly to nonfinites as well, but only when these nonfinites show agreement with a noun present (adnominal function).[3]

VInfCase: Case is marked on nouns; some case affixes attach directly to nonfinites as well, such that the inflected nonfinite serves a non-nominal (e.g., adverbial) function.[4]

VInf=NomCase&VInfCase: Case is marked on nouns; some case affixes attach directly to nonfinites as well, such that the affixed nonfinite serves both pronominal and

[1] Nonfinite describes a class of words that are derived from verbs but cannot be classified as verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. It includes infinitives and participles. If such a word class occurs in a language, it should be described in the commentary for that language.

[2] When such affixation occurs, the affixed nonfinite continues to be an obligatory argument of the predicative verb.

[3] Agreement should be understood functionally: the words express the same case (regardless of morphological form) as the head noun.

[4] When such affixation occurs, the affixed nonfinite is a non-obligatory argument of the predicative verb.